Legal and Ethical Issues in Archaeological Excavation Free Essay Example, 3000 words

Archaeological sites are prone to destruction due to several causes such as natural factors, human actions and institutional activities. Usually, natural causes are gradual such as the activities of earthworm and erosion and weathering. In some instances, the natural activities may be fast especially those caused by volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. Institutional and human activities are fast and cause significant damages. These include activities such as construction, agricultural activities, looting, vandalism and mining activities among others. Legal and ethical principles are enacted to regulate human and institutional activities since nothing can be done to protect archaeological sites against natural calamities (Bomford Leonard 287). Protection of archaeological sites connotes safeguarding the archaeological sites against forces that could destroy the available information or the value attached to the site by the community (Beresford Waterfield 31). Also, it suggests restr icting the sites from unauthorized excavators irrespective of professionalism they may exercise. Since these forces are numerous and differ in nature and magnitude, there are different regulations that have been enforced in order to fully protect the archaeological sites. Whereas some of the regulations are intended to govern the use of natural resources, there are other regulations aimed at sensitizing the community on the importance of archaeological sites through education. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal and Ethical Issues in Archaeological Excavation or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Heart of Darkness Futility of European Presence in Africa

Heart of Darkness: Futility of European Presence in Africa Joseph Conrad s Heart of Darkness is both a dramatic tale of an arduous trek into the Belgian Congo at the turn of the twentieth century and a symbolic journey into the deepest recesses of human nature. On a literal level, through Marlow s narration, Conrad provides a searing indictment of European colonial exploitation inflicted upon African natives. By employing several allegoric symbols this account depicts the futility of the European presence in Africa. One of the first glimpses into the frivolous occupation of Africa by the Europeans is seen when Marlow recounts his journey to Africa aboard a French steamer. The immensity of Africa is describe as The edge of a colossal†¦show more content†¦The sheer guise of philanthropical charity scarcely conceals the colonist’s true objective, the hunt for ivory. The colonists attempt to extinguish any and all forms of African culture in their wild quest for ivory. One night while at the camp, Marlow witnesses a fire engulf a shed housing trading goods. â€Å"One evening a grass shed full of calico, cotton prints, beads, and I don’t know what else, burst into a blaze so suddenly that you would have thought the earth had opened to let an avenging fire consume all that trash.† In a somewhat symbolic retaliation, the African culture seizes its revenge on the imposing imperialist culture. As the flames ravish the shed, Marlow watches as a man attempts to put out the fir e â€Å"†¦[he] dipped about a quart of water and tore back again. I noticed there was a hole in the bottom of his pail.† This hopeless effort signifies the futile efforts to suppress the overbearing strength of the African culture. As Marlow ventures deeper down the river, the â€Å"pilgrims† aboard his boat undergo a battle with the African wilderness. In fear of attack by the natives, the Europeans begin to blindly fire shots into the darkness. â€Å"The pilgrims had opened with their Winchesters, and were simply squirting lead into the bush.† Once again, Marlow uses words like â€Å"squirt† to exemplify the uselessness of firing into the jungle. This depiction is yet another representation of the little effect EuropeanShow MoreRelated Degeneration of Kurtz, Colonialism, and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness1025 Words   |  5 Pagesand Colonialism in Heart of Darkness       Kurtz was a personal embodiment, a dramatization, of all that Conrad felt of futility, degradation, and horror in what the Europeans in the Congo called progress, which meant the exploitation of the natives by every variety of cruelty and treachery known to greedy man. Kurtz was to Marlow, penetrating this country, a name, constantly recurring in peoples talk, for cleverness and enterprise. Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is a portrait of theRead MorePoor Assumptions and Flawed Conclusions of Conrads Heart of Darkness2481 Words   |  10 Pages     Ã‚   During the period when Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness was written, a common theme in literature was the testing of the moral life through actual experience.   One could not realize an ethical principle without it being justified through the outcome of some practical conflict.   This idea of testing morality through experience is exactly what is presented in Conrads novel as Marlows journey results in a trial that not only defines his own beliefs but allows him to make a rather pessimisticRead More Restraint in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay3965 Words   |  16 Pagesprogresses in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is paramount to any understanding of the work. The storyteller Marlow first believes that restraint is what separates civilization from chaos and society from savagery. 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He overhears a conversation between the manager and his uncle, whoRead MoreA Dance of the Forest4738 Words   |  19 Pagesmusic and masquerade and are also greatly influenced by such diverse Western dramatic and theatrical modes as classical Greek drama, Shakespearean and Jacobean theatre, and modern European and American antirealist and avant-garde forms and techniques. Keywords: Theatre, Rituals, Myths, Soyinka Wole Soyinka is, no doubt, Africa ´s leading playwright, but the African audiences for his major plays are very small indeed. He addresses himself to the reflection of an African sensibility and the creation ofRead MoreA Passage Of India And The Relations Of Power10531 Words   |  43 Pages[has] to be subjected (Said, 2003: 207). The English club therefore, stands for the chauvinistic narrow-minded people. It is a vexing rule that rings a bell of the same colonial practices that prevented Mahatma Gandhi from riding a train in South Africa in the same compartment with the English people and forced to move to the third class. This incident makes him take the first act of disobedience towards the white racial discriminating system in the colonial territories (Jespersen, 2014: 165). AccordingRead MoreCritics of Novel 1984 by George Orwell14914 Words   |  60 Pageswhich he lives and therefore, the society that Orwell most condemns. The Setting The setting of 1984 is Oceania, a giant country comprised of the Americas; the Atlantic Islands, including the British Isles; Australia; and the southern portion of Africa. Oceanias mainland is called Air Strip One, formerly England. The story itself takes place in London in the year 1984, a terrifying place and time where the human spirit and freedom are all but crushed. In the novel, war is constant. The main characterRead MoreThe White Man s Burden By Rudyard Kipling10612 Words   |  43 Pagesattached to analyse the text. Having an eye on these approaches, this section offers a critical thinking about the nature of the relationship between the British and the Indians. 2.1 The Indian Landscape and the Sense of Displacement As in Heart of Darkness, the Indian landscape appears very hostile to the colonisers as if it conspires and plots against them. It depicts their socio-psychological dilemma in the foreign land and the traumatic influences of their colonial system. It resists and fightsRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesLabor-Management Cooperation 358 Public Sector Unionization 359 Unionizing the Nontraditional Employee 359 DID YOU KNOW?: Is There Addition by Subtraction? 360 International Labor Relations 360 Differing Perspectives Toward Labor Relations 361 The European Community 362 Summary 362 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 363 Key Terms 363 364 HRM Workshop Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 364 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 364 Case Application 14: â€Å"Save Money

Financial Outcomes Paper Free Essays

Struck Japan it already did not own for $914 million† (Derrick, 2014, Para 2). Struck acceptance of this offer can result in three potential financial outcomes; increased revenue from sales, changes in cost of goods sold, and changes in expenses. Based on Stardust’s historical annual growth trends in the China/Asia markets, the most likely financial outcome of Stardust’s transition to full ownership sis 15% increase in revenues. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Outcomes Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now This may or may not be accompanied by with the most likely scenario of a 5% decrease in their cost of goods sold, and a 5% decrease in their expenses. Scenario Analysis Scenario analysis is about understanding what can happen when things change within a firm. Analysis will assist Struck in understanding how their buy out of their Struck Japan partnership can affect their business overall, and assist them with understanding the financial risks involved in their venture. Standard deviation of past results can assist to construct an idea of what will happen in the future, however when taking on a brand new venture unforeseen obstacles may appear. Analyzing Struck’ revenue from years 201 1 through 2014, it is discovered that the standard deviation is . 45, and that the deviation in their growth percentages over the same time frame is 1. 907. These are good signs that Struck is doing well as they continue to develop new products and expand across the globe, as the standard deviation figures reflect an increase in revenue growth. Typically, scenario analysis is based on three ratings, worst-case scenario, most likely, and best-case scenario. Althou gh it is important to understand and define other possible scenarios, improbable events should not be used because they would not result in an accurate analysis. By using extreme scenarios, such as the worst and best-case scenarios, which show the most negative and most positive, respective results, companies such as Struck can test their theories and mitigate any potential risks that they may encounter. Revenue Revenue analysis will help Struck understand one of the key variables that affects their business performance. Comparing current sales to previous periods provides Struck of a quick understanding of how their business is trending. Struck has seen continued growth year over year since 2011, and this positive trend provides them with insight into how well their traceries are performing. New strategies, such as growth into Japan, can be made with confidence when the business is trending positively, and previous expansions have been well received. One of the fastest growing investments for Struck is China/Asia Pacific. â€Å"Struck expects to see 16 percent to 18 percent revenue growth during fiscal 2015. Excluding the Japan impact, revenue growth is expected to be consistent with the company’s previous target of 10 percent plus revenue growth† (Derrick, 2014, Para 5). The financial effect of increases or decreases in revenue from sales is substantial, specially considering the high volume of transactions Struck completes internationally on a daily basis. The most likely scenario for sales growth with Struck Japan buy out is 15%. The figure is based on the growth rate of Struck since 201 1, which averages at 14%. A 15% increase in sales, With cost of goods sold and expenses constant, will result in over 1. 5 billion dollars in income for 201 5, an increase of over 30% from the previous year. The best-case scenario would result in a 20% increase in sales, and nearly 60% increase in income. In the worst-case event that Struck sales drop 5%, the many would still realize a profit. Although a decrease in revenue is unlikely considering Struck continued growth, it is a possibility as political and socio-economic changes occur around the globe. Cost of goods sold The cost of goods sold is associated with the cost of any raw materials used to produce and market Struck coffee, but does not include any indirect expenses. The cost of goods sold is an important part of a businessWith full control over Struck Japan, Struck may be able to implement a number of initiatives that would work towards reducing their cost of goods sold, such as better quality control, more effective product assortment, and reduced waste. A 5% crease in will result in a nearly 1. 2 billion decrease in cost of goods sold, which will positively affect the company’s gross income. A decrease in cost of goods sold may also be a challenge, depending on how Scabby has conducted their half of the business in the past. The China and Asia Pacific region of the world operates much differently than its Western counterparts, and Struck may face ethical business challenges, as it is unknown as to how Scabby partnered with suppliers and other vendors. Struck may see costs rise if they are unable to store, ship, and promote their product as effectively s they had when in partnership. Expenses Expenses normally react to relative changes in sales, however with Struck vast distribution channels and vendor relationships, they may be able to lower their expenses even as they expand to new regions such as Japan. Variable expenses, such as fees such as transportation, and credit card commission fees will increase as new stores pop up and consumer purchasing increases. Fixed expenses, such as employee salaries, benefits, property and income taxes, and utility costs will also increase as Struck expands, however, since they are buying out existing locations and not looking to build new ones, these expenses may not vary greatly from the previous year. Expenses such as income tax may play a significant role in Struck income as they gain more stores in Japan and the China/Asia Pacific region. Analysis has suggested that changes could be in the range of 15%, considering increases and decreases in expenses, with a Worst-case scenario of expenses increasing by 5%, to the most optimistic scenario of a 10% decrease. Expenses will primarily come in the form of costs to improve UAPITA, taxes, and payroll. A consideration that is not taken into account for the most likely and optimistic scenarios is that customary increase in revenue that normally accompanies and increase in expenses. Expenses such as payroll and capital improvements can be associated with company expansion and the need for more employees, assuming that expansion is a result of consumer wants and needs, which will then increase revenue. Conclusion Struck over the years have proved themselves to be an organization that thrives year after year. Just in the last decade their revenue has increased by almost 150% (Mornings, 2015). Their passion to bring a connection to everyone they see and do business with has made them into the largest roaster and retailer of specialty coffee the world has ever known. Struck, which opened its first store outside of North America in Toss’s Gina district nearly 20 years ago, said it expects the deal to immediately add to its results, excluding certain items. The transactions are expected to be fully completed in the first half of calendar 2015†³ (Beckmann, 2014, par a. 6). Its expanded investment with China/ Pacific-Asia and the acquisition of Struck Japan will also prove to be a success because not only do they want to expand their business, but more importantly they want to do it the right way to fulfill their mission in helping the world become a little better one neighborhood at a time. How to cite Financial Outcomes Paper, Papers